This report tracks and quantitatively assesses the green and low-carbon transition of 30 Chinese provincial-level regions over the decade from 2013 to 2022 using the Subnational Low-Carbon and Green Index for China (Subnational LOGIC), which encompasses 26 indicators across four categories: carbon productivity; carbon emissions (covering energy, power, industry, buildings, transport, and agriculture); environmental conditions and land use; and policy systems and public participation. The analysis employs multiple classification frameworks—economic-geographic regions, economic development stages (Pioneer, Leading, Catching-Up, and Developing Economies), national major regional strategies, and energy development positioning—to identify structural divergences in transition patterns. It finds that scores improved across all provinces, with carbon productivity, energy, and power showing nationwide progress while transport, buildings, and industry remain key frontiers for deep decarbonization. The report also presents in-depth case studies of Guangdong, Jiangxi, Shanxi, and Hainan to examine differentiated transition pathways across economic development stages.

This working paper quantitatively examines the scale and climate impact of food loss and waste (FLW) in China, estimating that 430 million tonnes of food were lost or wasted in 2024—roughly 28% of total production—generating approximately 500 million tonnes of CO₂e in carbon footprint and 185 million tonnes of CO₂e in methane emissions. It analyzes the uneven distribution of FLW across supply chain stages and food types, highlighting that while vegetables account for the largest share of losses, livestock products carry disproportionately high emissions intensity. The paper reviews China's evolving policy landscape, including the Anti-Food Waste Law and cold chain development initiatives, while identifying critical gaps in data infrastructure, sustainable cold chain coverage, and consumer behavior interventions. It explores the dual role of cold chain logistics—reducing post-harvest losses while contributing significant energy-related and refrigerant emissions—and assesses the potential of business innovations, public engagement, and food waste valorization to mitigate FLW. Ultimately, the paper advocates for integrating FLW reduction into climate governance frameworks, proposing four priority pathways: establishing systematic FLW data systems, advancing sustainable cold chain solutions, strengthening circular utilization of food waste, and promoting green consumption patterns to unlock a cost-effective, high-potential climate mitigation opportunity.

Hainan has built and put into operation 37 battery-swapping stations for heavy-duty trucks, providing basic coverage of the island’s main highways and key industrial parks, thereby effectively advancing the transition of new-energy heavy-duty trucks from pilot projects in typical application scenarios to full-scale electrification across the region.

This report assesses the low-carbon transition pathway for Tianjin Municipality under China's carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals, using the Energy Policy Simulator (EPS) model to quantify energy consumption and greenhouse gas emission trajectories to 2060. The methodology employs a scenario-based quantitative modeling framework, constructing three scenarios—a 2020 Policy Freeze scenario, a Policy scenario, and a Dual Carbon scenario—to evaluate the emission reduction effects of different policy combinations. The EPS Tianjin 2024 model covers five core sectors: power, industry, transport, buildings, and land use and forestry, capturing inter-sectoral linkages and mitigation potentials. The analysis identifies critical areas and priority policies for achieving carbon neutrality, assesses investment requirements, and evaluates the economic and employment impacts of the transition.

This policy brief analyzes the green and low-carbon development content in provincial-level recommendations for China's 15th Five-Year Plan (2026–2030). It systematically reviews 30 provincial documents to identify key "dual-carbon" (carbon peaking and carbon neutrality) priorities, including carbon peaking timelines, carbon emissions dual-control systems, new energy system construction, sectoral transitions (industry, transport, buildings, agriculture), and the deployment of zero-carbon parks, zero-carbon factories, and climate adaptation measures. The analysis is based on a systematic review and comparative analysis of provincial policy texts, categorizing and quantifying the frequency and content of policy keywords to identify regional patterns, alignment with national priorities, and local-level implementation focuses.

This report analyzes pathways for improving industrial energy efficiency in Shandong Province, focusing on six high-energy-consuming sectors: iron and steel, non-ferrous metals, chemicals, petrochemicals, building materials, and thermal power. Drawing on field research, energy audits, and diagnostic data from over 500 industrial enterprises conducted by the Jinan Engineering Consulting Institute over five years, it identifies sector-specific bottlenecks and proposes a six-dimensional improvement framework encompassing capacity optimization, energy system optimization and waste heat recovery, production process energy efficiency, equipment upgrades, low-carbon fuel substitution, and digital management. The research draws on empirical field investigation, quantitative energy data analysis, and case study evaluation of three systemic energy-saving projects. It also provides policy recommendations for industrial decarbonization aligned with Shandong's economic transformation.