{"id":3543,"date":"2023-07-16T13:56:38","date_gmt":"2023-07-16T05:56:38","guid":{"rendered":"\/?post_type=insight&#038;p=3543"},"modified":"2026-08-16T14:32:10","modified_gmt":"2026-08-16T06:32:10","slug":"behind-the-data-a-comparative-analysis-of-chinas-carbon-emission-data-from-different-institutions","status":"publish","type":"insight","link":"https:\/\/igdptest.symbol365.com\/en\/insights\/behind-the-data-a-comparative-analysis-of-chinas-carbon-emission-data-from-different-institutions\/","title":{"rendered":"Behind the Data"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"3543\" class=\"elementor elementor-3543\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-cb7e169 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"cb7e169\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-92cdd98\" data-id=\"92cdd98\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e37db9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-igdp_insight_detail_hero\" data-id=\"4e37db9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"igdp_insight_detail_hero.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row-report1\">\n\t\t<div class=\"wp\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"cur cur1\">\n\t\t<a href=\"\/\">Home<\/a>\n\t\t<i>\/<\/i>\n\t\t<a href=\"\/insights\/\">Insights<\/a>\n\t\t<i>\/<\/i>\n\t\t<span>Behind the Data<\/span>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"m-report1 wow fadeInUp\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"txt\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tit\">Behind the Data<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"subtit\">A Comparative Analysis of China\u2019s Carbon Emission Data from Different Institutions<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"line\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"desc\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"background-image: url(\/en\/wp-content\/themes\/MyBasicTheme\/images\/igdp\/product\/icon3.svg);\">English, Chinese<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"background-image: url(\/en\/wp-content\/themes\/MyBasicTheme\/images\/igdp\/product\/icon4.svg);\">JUL 2023<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"background-image: url(\/en\/wp-content\/themes\/MyBasicTheme\/images\/igdp\/product\/icon5.svg);\">Report<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"background-image: url(\/en\/wp-content\/themes\/MyBasicTheme\/images\/igdp\/product\/icon6.svg);\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"span\">Climate Governance<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"span\">Energy Transition<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"span\">Quantitative Modeling Tools<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"desc2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"span2\">Summary:<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"span3\">This report offers a comparative analysis of the methodologies and results associated with the most recently released China carbon emissions data by ten domestic and foreign research institutions. This data was directly or indirectly calculated using official Chinese sources, and is timely, continuous, and consistent, allowing analysts to track, evaluate, forecast, and perform international comparisons of China\u2019s carbon emissions. \r\n\r\nThis report focuses on energy-related CO2 emissions and includes the following features: 1)  The analysis is based on the latest methodology and emissions data released by each institution as of the first quarter of 2023; 2) The analysis includes the carbon emissions databases released by domestic Chinese research institutions in recent years; 3) The report maps out energy data sources and relations between databases, and provides an analysis of differences in energy data accounting methods. \r\n\r\nIn addition, this report estimates China\u2019s 2013-2021 annual serial baseline carbon emissions data based on official data and uses this as a benchmark to measure the gaps between the carbon emissions data of each institution and China\u2019s official data. The report finds that the carbon emissions calculated in all databases are either directly or indirectly based on China&#039;s official energy statistics, but no organization currently has emission accounting boundaries that are fully consistent with official Chinese boundaries. \r\n\r\nThe report finds that when compared to China&#039;s official emission accounts, international research institutions generally report higher carbon emissions. These discrepancies in carbon emission data are primarily due to differences in accounting boundaries, emissions factors, accounting methods, energy data sources, sectoral divisions, fuel classifications, and calorific value used to convert fuel use to standard units.<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"desc2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"span2\">Suggested citation:<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"span3\">Li Xindi, Yang Li. (2023).\u00a0Behind the Data \u2013 A Comparative Analysis of China&#039;s Carbon Emission Data from Different Institutions. Beijing: Institute for Global Decarbonization Progress.<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"desc2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"span2\">License:<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"span3\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" class=\"link\">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0)<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"igdp-report-download-buttons\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023-07-iGDP-Report-EN-Behind-the-Data-A-Comparative-Analysis-of-Chinas-Carbon-Emission-Data-from-Different-Institutions.pdf\" class=\"g-btnr1\"><span style=\"background-image: url(\/en\/wp-content\/themes\/MyBasicTheme\/images\/igdp\/product\/icon7.svg);\">download en<\/span><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023-07-iGDP-Working-Paper-ZH-Behind-the-Data-A-Comparative-Analysis-of-Chinas-Carbon-Emission-Data-from-Different-Institutions.pdf\" class=\"g-btnr1\"><span style=\"background-image: url(\/en\/wp-content\/themes\/MyBasicTheme\/images\/igdp\/product\/icon7.svg);\">download zh<\/span><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"picbox\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pic\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/Screenshot-2026-08-16-at-2.13.22-PM.jpg\" alt=\"Behind the Data\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a35b46c elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a35b46c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-13cda7f\" data-id=\"13cda7f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3894d90 elementor-widget elementor-widget-igdp_insight_detail_related\" data-id=\"3894d90\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"igdp_insight_detail_related.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row-report4\" id=\"page09\">\n\t\t<div class=\"wp\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"g-titr1 wow fadeInUp\">Related<\/div>\n\t\t\t<ul class=\"ul-report4 wow fadeInUp\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/climate\/chinas-new-carbon-intensity-measure-has-not-changed-its-climate-pledges\/\" class=\"con\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"txt\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tit\">China\u2019s New Carbon-Intensity Measure Has Not Changed Its Climate Pledges<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"desc\">Expanding carbon intensity to include industrial process emissions strengthens longer-term decarbonization, argue Hu Min, Li Xindi, and Yang Li.<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"span1\">Op-ed<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"date\">AUG 2026<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"picbox\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pic\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"512\" src=\"https:\/\/igdptest.symbol365.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/dialogue-earth-768x512.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/igdptest.symbol365.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/dialogue-earth-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/igdptest.symbol365.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/dialogue-earth-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/igdptest.symbol365.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/dialogue-earth-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/igdptest.symbol365.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/dialogue-earth-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/igdptest.symbol365.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/dialogue-earth.jpg 1800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"\/en\/insights\/decarbonizing-steel-industry-thermal-systems-technological-pathways-and-practices\/\" class=\"con\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"txt\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tit\">Decarbonizing Steel Industry Thermal Systems<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"desc\">This report examines the low-carbon transition pathways for thermal\/heating systems in China&#039;s steel industry, reviewing the policy drivers behind decarbonization and analyzing the technological trajectory across near-, medium-, and long-term horizons (2025\u20132060). It surveys and compares the applicability, economics, and emissions-reduction potential of key technologies\u2014including waste heat recovery, system efficiency improvements, and hydrogen-based metallurgy\u2014through in-depth case studies (HBIS Group&#039;s hydrogen metallurgy, Shougang Jingtang&#039;s process interface optimization, and Sinosteel\/CISP&#039;s hydrogen-based smelting reduction, among others). It further identifies the practical barriers to scaling these technologies (high green hydrogen costs, renewable energy intermittency, stranded-asset risk, and weak cross-sector coordination mechanisms), and proposes policy recommendations to accelerate the sector&#039;s shift toward integration with renewable energy systems.<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"span1\">Report<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"date\">AUG 2026<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"picbox\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pic\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"1085\" src=\"https:\/\/igdptest.symbol365.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/Screenshot-2026-08-07-at-1.11.52-PM-768x1085.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/igdptest.symbol365.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/Screenshot-2026-08-07-at-1.11.52-PM-768x1085.jpg 768w, https:\/\/igdptest.symbol365.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/Screenshot-2026-08-07-at-1.11.52-PM-212x300.jpg 212w, https:\/\/igdptest.symbol365.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/Screenshot-2026-08-07-at-1.11.52-PM-725x1024.jpg 725w, https:\/\/igdptest.symbol365.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/Screenshot-2026-08-07-at-1.11.52-PM-1087x1536.jpg 1087w, https:\/\/igdptest.symbol365.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/Screenshot-2026-08-07-at-1.11.52-PM.jpg 1128w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"\/en\/insights\/china-carbon-neutrality-tracker-2025-annual-report-green-and-low-carbon-transition-in-chinas-provincial-level-regions\/\" class=\"con\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"txt\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tit\">China Carbon Neutrality Tracker 2025 Annual Report<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"desc\">This report tracks and quantitatively assesses the green and low-carbon transition of 30 Chinese provincial-level regions over the decade from 2013 to 2022 using the Subnational Low-Carbon and Green Index for China (Subnational LOGIC), which encompasses 26 indicators across four categories: carbon productivity; carbon emissions (covering energy, power, industry, buildings, transport, and agriculture); environmental conditions and land use; and policy systems and public participation. The analysis employs multiple classification frameworks\u2014economic-geographic regions, economic development stages (Pioneer, Leading, Catching-Up, and Developing Economies), national major regional strategies, and energy development positioning\u2014to identify structural divergences in transition patterns. It finds that scores improved across all provinces, with carbon productivity, energy, and power showing nationwide progress while transport, buildings, and industry remain key frontiers for deep decarbonization. The report also presents in-depth case studies of Guangdong, Jiangxi, Shanxi, and Hainan to examine differentiated transition pathways across economic development stages.<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"span1\">Report<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"date\">JUN 2026<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"picbox\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pic\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"1082\" src=\"https:\/\/igdptest.symbol365.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/Screenshot-2026-08-07-at-1.42.45-PM-768x1082.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/igdptest.symbol365.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/Screenshot-2026-08-07-at-1.42.45-PM-768x1082.jpg 768w, https:\/\/igdptest.symbol365.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/Screenshot-2026-08-07-at-1.42.45-PM-213x300.jpg 213w, https:\/\/igdptest.symbol365.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/Screenshot-2026-08-07-at-1.42.45-PM-727x1024.jpg 727w, https:\/\/igdptest.symbol365.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/Screenshot-2026-08-07-at-1.42.45-PM-1090x1536.jpg 1090w, https:\/\/igdptest.symbol365.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/Screenshot-2026-08-07-at-1.42.45-PM.jpg 1124w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"\/en\/insights\/consumption-constraints-in-chinas-green-hydrogen-amino-acid-industry\/\" class=\"con\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"txt\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tit\">Consumption Constraints in China&#8217;s Green Hydrogen Amino Acid Industry<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"desc\">Examines the green hydrogen, ammonia, and methanol industry in China, contends that the sector is shifting from a supply-side capacity-expansion phase to a &quot;demand-constrained&quot; phase where commercial viability depends on forming a closed-loop offtake and consumption system, identifies critical bottlenecks\u2014including high production costs (2\u20133 times higher than conventional routes), insufficient port refueling infrastructure, heavy reliance on volatile international certification (e.g., ISCC) and external demand, and the failure of green premiums to translate into stable domestic willingness-to-pay\u2014and proposes a strategic policy reorientation from merely &quot;building production capacity&quot; to actively &quot;creating demand&quot; through enforceable domestic demand-side mechanisms (e.g., non-electric consumption targets, green procurement, and carbon market integration), enhanced domestic green certification and pricing capabilities, consumption-side incentives, and stricter project screening focused on commercial closure, in order to unlock the industry&#039;s low-carbon value, reduce dependence on external rules, and support its sustainable commercial scaling and contribution to China&#039;s energy transition.<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"span1\">Commentary<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"date\">JUN 2026<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"picbox\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pic\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"1087\" src=\"https:\/\/igdptest.symbol365.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/Screenshot-2026-08-07-at-12.48.16-PM-768x1087.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/igdptest.symbol365.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/Screenshot-2026-08-07-at-12.48.16-PM-768x1087.jpg 768w, https:\/\/igdptest.symbol365.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/Screenshot-2026-08-07-at-12.48.16-PM-212x300.jpg 212w, https:\/\/igdptest.symbol365.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/Screenshot-2026-08-07-at-12.48.16-PM-724x1024.jpg 724w, https:\/\/igdptest.symbol365.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/Screenshot-2026-08-07-at-12.48.16-PM-1086x1536.jpg 1086w, https:\/\/igdptest.symbol365.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/Screenshot-2026-08-07-at-12.48.16-PM.jpg 1128w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/energy\/behind-chinas-boom-in-zero-carbon-industrial-parks\/\" class=\"con\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"txt\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tit\">Behind China\u2019s Boom in \u2018Zero-Carbon Industrial Parks\u2019<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"desc\">As the parks multiply, unified standards and better carbon accounting are needed to maximize their potential.<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"span1\">Op-ed<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"date\">APR 2026<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"picbox\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pic\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"512\" src=\"https:\/\/igdptest.symbol365.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/josh-beech-tXJhAFVOHVk-unsplash-768x512.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/igdptest.symbol365.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/josh-beech-tXJhAFVOHVk-unsplash-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/igdptest.symbol365.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/josh-beech-tXJhAFVOHVk-unsplash-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/igdptest.symbol365.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/josh-beech-tXJhAFVOHVk-unsplash-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/igdptest.symbol365.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/josh-beech-tXJhAFVOHVk-unsplash-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/igdptest.symbol365.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/josh-beech-tXJhAFVOHVk-unsplash-2048x1365.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"\/en\/insights\/from-fuel-to-feedstock-chinas-fossil-fuel-turning-point-and-implications-for-subnational-decarbonization-in-carbon-intensive-industries\/\" class=\"con\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"txt\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tit\">From Fuel to Feedstock: China&#8217;s Fossil Fuel Turning Point and Implications for Subnational Decarbonization in Carbon-Intensive Industries<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"desc\">This policy brief analyzes the structural shift in China&#039;s fossil energy consumption from fuel to feedstock, identifying provinces with high feedstock dependence and assessing the implications for subnational decarbonization under the &quot;dual control&quot; framework for carbon emissions. The methodology combines quantitative analysis of national and provincial energy statistics from the China Energy Statistical Yearbook (2019\u20132023) with a classification framework that ranks provinces based on the share of coal, oil, and natural gas used as feedstock relative to their total final consumption of each fuel. It then derives targeted policy recommendations centered on accelerating the deployment of green hydrogen, ammonia, and methanol as substitutes for fossil feedstocks in carbon-intensive industries, supported by a case study of Inner Mongolia&#039;s green hydrogen industry plan.<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"span1\">Policy Brief<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"date\">APR 2026<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"picbox\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pic\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"1087\" src=\"https:\/\/igdptest.symbol365.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/Screenshot-2026-08-11-at-9.56.29-PM-768x1087.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/igdptest.symbol365.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/Screenshot-2026-08-11-at-9.56.29-PM-768x1087.jpg 768w, https:\/\/igdptest.symbol365.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/Screenshot-2026-08-11-at-9.56.29-PM-212x300.jpg 212w, https:\/\/igdptest.symbol365.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/Screenshot-2026-08-11-at-9.56.29-PM-723x1024.jpg 723w, https:\/\/igdptest.symbol365.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/Screenshot-2026-08-11-at-9.56.29-PM-1085x1536.jpg 1085w, https:\/\/igdptest.symbol365.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/Screenshot-2026-08-11-at-9.56.29-PM.jpg 1126w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This report offers a comparative analysis of the methodologies and results associated with the most recently released China carbon emissions data by ten domestic and foreign research institutions. This data was directly or indirectly calculated using official Chinese sources, and is timely, continuous, and consistent, allowing analysts to track, evaluate, forecast, and perform international comparisons of China\u2019s carbon emissions. <\/p>\n<p>This report focuses on energy-related CO2 emissions and includes the following features: 1)  The analysis is based on the latest methodology and emissions data released by each institution as of the first quarter of 2023; 2) The analysis includes the carbon emissions databases released by domestic Chinese research institutions in recent years; 3) The report maps out energy data sources and relations between databases, and provides an analysis of differences in energy data accounting methods. <\/p>\n<p>In addition, this report estimates China\u2019s 2013-2021 annual serial baseline carbon emissions data based on official data and uses this as a benchmark to measure the gaps between the carbon emissions data of each institution and China\u2019s official data. The report finds that the carbon emissions calculated in all databases are either directly or indirectly based on China&#8217;s official energy statistics, but no organization currently has emission accounting boundaries that are fully consistent with official Chinese boundaries. <\/p>\n<p>The report finds that when compared to China&#8217;s official emission accounts, international research institutions generally report higher carbon emissions. These discrepancies in carbon emission data are primarily due to differences in accounting boundaries, emissions factors, accounting methods, energy data sources, sectoral divisions, fuel classifications, and calorific value used to convert fuel use to standard units.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":3544,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"igdp_summary":"This report offers a comparative analysis of the methodologies and results associated with the most recently released China carbon emissions data by ten domestic and foreign research institutions. This data was directly or indirectly calculated using official Chinese sources, and is timely, continuous, and consistent, allowing analysts to track, evaluate, forecast, and perform international comparisons of China\u2019s carbon emissions. \r\n\r\nThis report focuses on energy-related CO2 emissions and includes the following features: 1)  The analysis is based on the latest methodology and emissions data released by each institution as of the first quarter of 2023; 2) The analysis includes the carbon emissions databases released by domestic Chinese research institutions in recent years; 3) The report maps out energy data sources and relations between databases, and provides an analysis of differences in energy data accounting methods. \r\n\r\nIn addition, this report estimates China\u2019s 2013-2021 annual serial baseline carbon emissions data based on official data and uses this as a benchmark to measure the gaps between the carbon emissions data of each institution and China\u2019s official data. The report finds that the carbon emissions calculated in all databases are either directly or indirectly based on China's official energy statistics, but no organization currently has emission accounting boundaries that are fully consistent with official Chinese boundaries. \r\n\r\nThe report finds that when compared to China's official emission accounts, international research institutions generally report higher carbon emissions. These discrepancies in carbon emission data are primarily due to differences in accounting boundaries, emissions factors, accounting methods, energy data sources, sectoral divisions, fuel classifications, and calorific value used to convert fuel use to standard units.","igdp_featured_media":3544,"igdp_download_file":3545,"igdp_external_url":"","igdp_key_info":"","igdp_related_insights":[]},"insight_type":[48],"insight_region":[45,47],"igdp_topic":[146,147,159],"class_list":["post-3543","insight","type-insight","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","insight_type-report","insight_region-china-national","insight_region-international","igdp_topic-climate-governance","igdp_topic-energy-transition","igdp_topic-quantitative-modeling-tools"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/igdptest.symbol365.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/insight\/3543","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/igdptest.symbol365.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/insight"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/igdptest.symbol365.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/insight"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/igdptest.symbol365.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/insight\/3543\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3552,"href":"https:\/\/igdptest.symbol365.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/insight\/3543\/revisions\/3552"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/igdptest.symbol365.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3544"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/igdptest.symbol365.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3543"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"insight_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/igdptest.symbol365.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/insight_type?post=3543"},{"taxonomy":"insight_region","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/igdptest.symbol365.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/insight_region?post=3543"},{"taxonomy":"igdp_topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/igdptest.symbol365.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/igdp_topic?post=3543"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}